Question. Discuss how Globalisation has affected urban and rural society differently in India.
- February 22, 2023
- Posted by: Pallavi Singh
- Category: Blog
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Answer –
Globalisation is the resultant of the interchange of worldly views, opinions and the various aspects of the culture everywhere around the world. The impact of globalisation on Indian and rural life has a tremendous influence which is both positive as well as negative. The Indian urban and rural life is viewed as the two faces of the same coin. They are mutually interdependent and both have a greater impact of globalisation.
Impact of globalisation on Indian rural society –
Positives:
1)There is an increased trend of commercialisation from subsistence farming.
2)Increased crop yield has led to development of agro-processing industries which help in adding value to the products and increasing their shelf life. e.g.; Tomato Ketchup, Potato chips, etc.
3) Wider use of information, communication and technologies: Agricultural extension techniques like Kisan TV, sms about weather conditions has helped farmers plan better. Initiatives like e-Nam have helped farmers get better prices in certain areas.
4) Increased Mechanisation like use of tractors, harvesters and tillers has eased the job. High yield variety seeds and fertilisers have given better yield as seen during Green Revolution.
5)With telemedicine and tele-education, people are able to access the health and education facilities at the remotest areas. Adult literacy has helped in fighting for their rights.
6)There has been a rise of MSMEs with women entrepreneurs heading it.
* Negatives:
1)Change in Land-Use patterns
2) Labour migration to cities from rural areas in search of employment is a common phenomenon.
3) Rural population is still suffering from unemployment as rural labour is mostly uneducated and unskilled. Machines and latest technologies have reduced the demand for less skilled manpower.
4) Due to mechanisation, women are the worst sufferers. When big-ticket projects like dams, roads and mining come up, people are displaced making them internal refugees.
5) Regional and sectional inequality has increased due to only few people are able to reap the benefits.
6) Globalisation has failed to make deeper impact on Behavioural changes in rural society eg. Open defecation, caste discriminations are still prevalent.
Impact of globalisation on Indian urban society –
Positives:
1) Increased Urbanisation: It has been estimated that by 2050 more than 50 per cent of India’s popula- ector and city centric job creation has led to increasing rural to urban migration.
2) Increased job opportunities: due to inflow of MNCS, FDIs, people have a wide choice of job op- portunities provided they have the requisite skills. Start-ups like Ola and Swiggy have revolutionised the Gig-Economy. Development of Industries have also provided with jobs.
3) Enhanced lifestyle: due to higher per capita income and wide array of facilities available from which the consumer can choose.
4) Better infrastructure: In terms of education, health, transport available to people.
5) Rapid Digitisation: for faster and ease of connectivity, most of the services are digitised. This also increases the awareness of citizens in terms of rights, happenings around world, etc. On the Governmental side, there is more accountability and transparency and faster delivery of services.
Negatives:
1) Family Structure: The increasing migration coupled with financial independence has led to the breaking of joint families into nuclear ones. The western influence of individualism has led to an aspirational generation of youth.
2) Marriage Values: Similarly, marriages have also lost their values. It is very much evident from the increasing number of divorce cases and the extra-marital affairs reported every now and then.
3) Globalisation forces have promoted consumeristic lifestyle across globe, leading to negative impact on enviroment and putting our planet in danger.
4) There is profound transformations in regional and global economies through the sheer size, influence and power of the big-box department store such as WalMart. It can be seen with the rise of big businesses which have nearly killed the small traditional businesses in our society.
5) Rise in Lifestyle diseases: Due to reduced physical activity, increased habits of liquor and smoking, etc.
6) Urban Sprawl: Increasing slums, unplanned urbanisations are on the rise which is a ticking time-bomb
Conclusion
It is difficult to say that the impact of globalisation has been totally positive or totally negative. Each impact mentioned above can be seen as both positive as well as negative.